Waterdrive Catalogue of measures

Buffer zones along waters

Buffer zones (BZs) between pollutant source area and receiving waters is a supplementary measure to prevent runoff of sediments, nutrients and other pollutants.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) reduce agricultural water pollution and complement the water protection measures made in the fields. Locally, CWs can significantly improve the status of waters, as they prevent the transport of nutrients and solids into the recipient waterbodies.

Controlled drainage

Controlled drainage is a form of subsurface drainage, where the groundwater level is regulated with damming devices. When water is recharged it is called sub-irrigation. The measure can reduce greenhouse gas emission from organic soils and acid discharge from acid sulphate soils.

Floodplains

Floodplains have been quite common in the past. Constructions and intensive measures in agriculture and forestry have reduced their number. Restoration of floodplains and re-connection to the river aims to increase the retention capacity and ecosystem functioning. Floodplains can be natural or man-made.

Gypsum as soil amendment

Application of gypsum in agricultural soils is a common water protection measure in Finland for reducing phosphorus losses and erosion in clayey fields.

Nutrient application planning

Well-planned use and distribution of manure decreases the risk for negative impact on waters. Tools for planning of nutrient use and fertilisation gives benefit for both the farmer and the environment.

Rehabilitation of land reclamation facilities

Land reclamation is the process of creating new land for agricultural production. For example by drainage of lakes and flood plains. Renovation and development of these reclamation facilities is extremely relevant for the Kaliningrad region.

Renovation of drainage systems

Drainage systems in agricultural land are implemented to secure optimal water balance in the soil for agricultural production. To keep the function of the drainage systems over time, maintenance and renovation is required.

Structural liming

Structural liming of clay soils gives benefits both for waters and for the farmer. A soil with good structure is easier to cultivate and may also increase productivity due to better water and nutrient retention capacity.

Subsurface constructed wetlands

A subsurface flow constructed wetland consist of a trench lined with clay or other impermeable layer. The trench is filled with gravel or sand which is covered with vegetation. Water that flows through the filter bed is filtrated mechanically and treated by microbiological processes.

Subsurface manure application

Photo of subsurface application of manure.

In-furrow subsoil application of liquid manure is a measure that reduces emissions of ammonia from manure by reducing the time of contact to the open air. The measure also reduces the risk for surface runoff of the manure.

Two-stage ditches

A two-stage ditch is wider than a traditional agricultural ditch. Flood plains adjacent to a base flow channel are allowed to be flooded at high flow events. This reduces the risk for erosion in the stream banks and for flooding in down stream areas.